Growing concern over the widespread misuse of pain relievers, particularly Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), has prompted a renewed warning from medical experts in Nigeria. Dr. Chukwudi Njelita, Chief Medical Director at Rock Foundation Hospital in Awka, Anambra State, is among those sounding the alarm. According to Dr. Njelita, an increasing rate of peptic ulcer cases in Nigeria and across West Africa is closely linked to improper and excessive use of these commonly available medications.
NSAIDs—including familiar names like aspirin, diclofenac, indomethacin, and ibuprofen—are widely used to relieve pain and manage arthritis. These medications are readily available in pharmacies and even street-corner shops throughout Nigeria, often without a prescription. While they provide relief for headaches, chronic joint pain, and fever, Dr. Njelita cautions that their easy availability has unfortunately led to widespread abuse, particularly among youth, artisans, and older adults managing chronic pain or arthritis.
Understanding Peptic Ulcer Disease: What Nigerians Should Know
A peptic ulcer is a painful erosion of the inner lining of the stomach or the upper portion of the small intestine, usually caused by an imbalance in stomach acid production or by infection. Dr. Njelita explained, “Ulcers develop when the acidic environment in the stomach—crucial for breaking down proteins—becomes excessive or uncontrolled, wearing away the stomach lining.” Essentially, while the acid is vital for proper digestion, too much of it can cause significant harm.
He added that NSAIDs, when overused or consumed without medical supervision, reduce the stomach’s natural defenses. These medications interfere with the production of protective mucus in the stomach, making it easier for acid to damage the sensitive inner lining. “Misusing NSAIDs gives rise to chemical reactions that break down the mucosal barrier, causing more acid to attack and form ulcers,” Dr. Njelita stated.
The Role of NSAIDs—and Why Overuse is So Dangerous
Dr. Njelita’s concerns are echoed by other Nigerian healthcare professionals. According to Dr. Kemi Afolabi, a Lagos-based pharmacologist, many patients are unaware that prolonged use of high doses of NSAIDs substantially increases the risk of ulcers—especially when taken on an empty stomach or combined with other medications. “People assume that if a small dose relieves pain, a higher dose will work better, not realising the hidden dangers,” she observed.
In rural and urban clinics across Nigeria and Ghana, doctors frequently encounter patients who arrive with stomach pain and bleeding—classic signs of peptic ulcer disease. Dr. Njelita noted that when ulcers worsen, they can cause serious complications, including internal bleeding, which may present as darkened, tarry stools (a condition known as melena).
What Actually Causes Most Ulcers?
While many believe that hunger or local diet is the root cause of ulcers, medical research paints a different picture. The majority of peptic ulcers, according to Dr. Njelita and other experts, are attributed to infection by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria. This microorganism is commonly found in developing countries, thriving in conditions of poor water sanitation and crowded living situations—scenarios familiar in many Nigerian and West African communities.
Dr. Njelita clarified, “It is a misconception to think that being hungry alone will lead to an ulcer. The theory that digestive enzymes attack the stomach lining when it’s empty is speculative, lacking solid scientific backing.” Instead, he emphasized that a combination of H. pylori infection and medications such as NSAIDs are the real culprits behind most ulcer cases locally and globally.
Recognising the Warning Signs: What Should You Watch For?
Doctors urge individuals in Nigeria and across West Africa to be vigilant for the symptoms of peptic ulcers, which can often be mistaken for less serious ailments. Some of the most common warning signs include:
- Persistent pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen (epigastric region), which may worsen at night or after meals
- Pain that radiates to the back, sometimes described as “burning” or “gnawing” in nature
- Unexplained weight loss or poor appetite
- Nausea, vomiting, or a feeling of bloating
- Dark, tarry stools (melena), which suggest bleeding from an ulcer
If you or someone you know experiences any of these symptoms, particularly when taking painkillers regularly, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Managing and Preventing Ulcers: Expert Advice for Local Communities
When it comes to treatment, Dr. Njelita recommends a targeted, two-pronged approach: first, addressing the underlying H. pylori infection using a specific course of antibiotics; and second, prescribing medications that reduce stomach acid secretion. “A combination of these therapies for two to three weeks has proven effective in settling ulcers and promoting healing,” he explained.
Further, Dr. Grace Ampadu, a Ghanaian gastroenterologist, suggests simple lifestyle adjustments for those at risk. “Avoid self-medicating with NSAIDs. Always eat before taking prescribed medicines, and seek out alternative pain management techniques if possible,” she advised. She also stressed the importance of clean water and good personal hygiene to reduce the risk of H. pylori transmission.
The Bigger Picture: NSAID Misuse is a Pan-African Health Challenge
Across Africa, the prevalence of peptic ulcer disease remains high compared to Western countries. According to the World Health Organization, incidence rates can reach up to 10% of the general population in some regions. Experts attribute this persistent problem to lack of regulation, widespread access to over-the-counter drugs, and limited public awareness about the links between NSAID use and ulcer risk.
In Nigeria and Ghana, relatively low healthcare system funding, insufficient health education, and cultural reliance on self-medication amplify the issue. “It’s not uncommon for Nigerians to see painkillers as a cure-all for fever, headache, and even stress,” said Dr. Eze Ifeanyi, a public health consultant based in Abuja. “But when used without proper knowledge, these drugs can cause real harm.”
Moving Forward: Public Health Campaigns and Personal Responsibility
Medical practitioners and policymakers are calling for stronger public health campaigns and enforcement of existing regulations on drug sales. Communities, religious groups, and the media can also play a vital role in spreading accurate information about medication safety. The aim is to encourage Nigerians, Ghanaians, and others across West Africa to get professional advice before using NSAIDs and to report suspicious symptoms early.
Finally, the message from health professionals is clear: painkillers should only be used as prescribed, and symptoms of ulcers must never be ignored. If you suspect an ulcer, prompt diagnosis and a doctor-guided treatment plan are the safest way forward.
Have you or a loved one had experiences with ulcers or painkiller side effects? What steps are you taking to protect your health? Share your thoughts in the comments below and follow us for the latest updates on health issues affecting our communities.
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